鳃裂囊肿及瘘43例治疗效果分析

目的：探讨鳃裂囊肿及瘘管术后复发原因及预防措施。方法：对43例鳃裂囊肿及瘘病例行手术，术前于囊管内注入美蓝液，以便术中分离追踪蓝染管支，近内口处行荷包缝合术或电凝、微波等处理。结果：43例中41例治愈，随访1年以上未见复发，2例复发，再次手术治愈，复发率4.7％。结论：对鳃裂囊肿及瘘患者，术前、术中、术后处理好每个环节，是防止复发的关键。     

CT angiography of the head and neck: A report of 5 cases

We report on five cases in which patients were examined with CT angiography (CTA). In two cases of facial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the dilated vascular structure was clearly visible. Moreover, three-dimensional reconstruction allowed observation of the relationship to the bone and comparison with the skin surface. The maximum intensity projection (MIP) image was useful for understanding the spatial relationship between the embolic material and the residual AVM. We also constructed three-dimensional subtraction images. In these images, only the blood vessels and lesion site were visible as bright areas, making it easy to determine the volume of the lesion. CT angiography can be used as a screening method for observing blood vessels and is useful for detailed examination of the relationship between lesions and blood vessels, and for examination of hypervascular lesions.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的治疗

目的：总结颌骨动静脉畸形的诊断、治疗的经验。方法：7例颌骨动静脉畸形病例先行CT或MRI检查，了解颌骨破坏情况，7例均行栓塞治疗，栓塞材料为PVA颗粒(250～500um)，栓塞后一周内进行手术，切除颌骨病变组织。结果：7例经PVA栓塞，异常血管团块消失、搏动、杂音消失、软组织肿胀得到改善。口内渗血及动脉出血得到控制。手术后随访，无1例复发。结论：血管造影栓塞后行手术切除病变组织是治疗颌骨动静脉畸形有效而可靠的治疗方法。     

刘沈林教授治疗喉癌术后咽瘘并发症经验

全国名中医刘沈林教授基于“肺气通于喉”“肺属金为子,脾属土为母”等中医藏象学理论,总结喉癌术后出现咽瘘并发症的病因病机为局部器官缺失,肺气受损,金破不鸣。病程演变特点为子病及母,肺病及脾,正虚无力驱邪外出,癌毒内留。主张应从整体观念出发,重视脏腑之间的相互关系,虚则补其母,遵循标本兼顾的原则,确立了清肺解毒、祛邪消肿,培土生金、脾胃兼养,随证加减、内外同治的治法治则,以促进气血化生,修复肌肉组织,消散局部炎症,加速咽瘘愈合。      

食管黏膜延长预防食管吻合口瘘的临床研究

目的 研究食管黏膜延长能否预防食管吻合口瘘。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在本院胸外科接受手术治疗的205例食管癌患者的临床资料。其中接受食管黏膜延长手术的食管癌患者65例为观察组,接受常规手术的140例为对照组。比较两组患者的基本临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量及术后食管吻合口瘘发生率。结果 两组患者的基本临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后吻合口瘘的发生率为3.08%,明显低于对照组的12.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 食管黏膜延长可以有效预防食管癌术后吻合口瘘的发生,不失为一种食管胃吻合的新方法。     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘6例临床分析

目的:探讨脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,SDAVF)的临床特征、影像学特点及治疗,以期提高对SDAVF的早期识别和诊断.方法:对上海市普陀区人民医院神经外科收治住院的6例SDAVF患者临床表现、影像学资料及治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:6例患者中5例为男性,1例为女性,确诊年龄22～74岁,病程2～24个月.累及双下肢肌力5例,累及双下肢或四肢感觉6例,累及大便和(或)小便功能4例,其中2例需留置导尿管.5例患者术前行脊髓磁共振(magnetic reso-nance,MR)检查,脊髓MR可见脊髓长T1、长T2信号,脊髓表面迂曲血管流空影,增强后可见部分强化.6例患者均行脊髓数字血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查,显示5例瘘口在胸段,1例行3次脊髓血管造影均未见瘘口,手术时发现瘘口.5例患者于手术下行瘘口切除,术后均恢复良好.结论:SDAVF有其临床特征和影像学特点,磁共振检查可作为初筛标准,脊髓血管造影为其诊断金标准.手术为其有效治疗方法,早期诊断、早期治疗有助于改善患者预后.     

Snodgrass术与Duckett术在治疗尿道下裂的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析比较Snodgrass术与Duckett术后的感染及输尿管狭窄发生率。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane、中国知网(CKNI)及万方数据库,检索截止日期为2020年3月1日,按照纳入及排除标准整理相关文献,使用RevMan 5.3对纳入的文献数据进行分析。结果共纳入7个研究共624例患者,Meta分析显示,S组术后尿漏[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.28,0.86),P=0.01]、尿道狭窄[OR=0.26,95%CI(0.16,0.78),P=0.009]的发生率明显低于T组。结论Snodgrass术后尿漏及尿道狭窄的发生率均低于Duckett术。     

Submandibular puncture of the facial vein: An original route for endovascular therapy of cavernous sinus dural fistulas

Introduction

Carotid cavernous sinus fistulas are a potentially severe pathology. Their basic standard treatment is an occlusion of the CCF performed by retrograde venous catheterization via the inferior petrous sinus. When the inferior petrous sinuses are occluded, other alternative venous routes are possible with various subsequent difficulties and risks. We report an original and safe method for endovascular treatment using submandibular puncture of the facial vein.

Clinical cases

We report 4 cases of patients with severe unilateral carotid cavernous sinus fistula associated with the occlusion of both inferior petrous sinuses. A submandibular surgical puncture of the ipsilateral inferior facial vein permitted the catheterization of the fistula. Complete occlusion of carotid cavernous sinus fistula was obtained by using a combination of microcoils and Onyx™.

Discussion

When inferior petrous sinuses are occluded, endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas is more difficult. After reviewing the other treatment options reported in the literature and their respective advantages and adverse effects, we describe an original technique based on the surgical puncture of the ipsilateral facial vein. The occlusion of the fistula is then obtained by using a combination of microcoils and Onyx™.

Conclusion

When the inferior petrous sinuses are occluded, an endovascular treatment for a carotid cavernous sinus fistula can be performed using an original and secure method. This method relies on a simple surgical puncture of the facial vein in the submandibular region, which then permits a retrograde catheterization of the carotid cavernous sinus fistula with no significant risk.     

脑海绵状血管畸形与动静脉畸形对放疗的不同反应

目的 探究脑海绵状血管畸形(CMs)与动静脉畸形(AVMs)的结构差异和对于放射外科治疗反应的不同.方法 实验样本共33例,包括放射外科治疗后的CMs 3例,放射外科治疗后的AVMs 3例,未经照射的CMs 6例,未经照射的AVMs 17例和健康对照4例.取材后立即处理,并应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察5组间的超微结构差异.结果 CMs显示管腔直径与血管壁的厚度较大而且缺乏内皮下成纤维细胞,肌成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞.CMs放射外科治疗后形成部分蛋白质凝块(管腔的19％ ～22％),在放射治疗后长达6年后也未出现完整的血管闭塞.AVMs观察到由纤维蛋白血栓组成永久性的血栓,使血管完整的闭塞(管腔的91％ ～ 98％).照射诱导病灶周围的脑组织发生神经元丢失和神经原纤维变性.结论 CMs与AVMs的血管结构及细胞成分的不同导致它们对放射外科治疗的反应不同.     

Fatal glioblastoma after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformation in a child

We describe a fatal case of glioblastoma multiforme that was induced by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS; Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 4-year-old girl presented with repeated convulsions. Imaging studies revealed an AVM located in the right thalamus. One year after initial symptoms, GKS was performed to obliterate the nidus. The maximum and marginal radiation doses were 32 and 16 Gy, respectively. Seventy months after GKS, the patient represented with severe headache. MRI showed a poorly demarcated tumor with heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement in the right thalamus and adjacent to the white matter of the temporal lobe. After a generalised convulsion, the patient deteriorated into a deep coma. CT scans showed severe brain swelling with intratumoral hemorrhage. An emergency craniotomy was performed, and the hematoma was removed. During this surgery, a tumor mass, which was found adjacent to the hematoma, was resected. Microscopic examination revealed glioblastoma multiforme. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died 1 month after surgery. A GKS-induced secondary tumor is a rare but serious complication. It is important to be aware of the adverse effects of GKS, including secondary neoplasms, before its clinical application, especially in young patients.